Obesity

Obesity

Species: Dog

Breeds Affected: All Breeds (middle-aged, indoor, and neutered pets have higher risk)

Obesity is an excess of body fat. It’s extremely common, affecting over half of dogs in the U.S. Dogs become overweight from consuming more calories than they expend – often due to overfeeding and lack of exercise. Certain breeds (Labs, Beagles, Pugs, etc.) and neutered animals may have a tendency to gain weight. Obesity significantly increases the risk of many health problems (arthritis, diabetes, heart disease, etc.) and can reduce a dog’s lifespan.

• The primary sign of obesity is excessive body weight; the dog appears heavy with excess fat over the ribs
• back
• and abdomen. Ribs are difficult to feel under the fat. The dog may have a rounder belly and lack an obvious waist when viewed from above. Obese dogs often have reduced stamina – they may pant easily
• lag behind on walks
• and be reluctant to exercise. They might also be more prone to heat intolerance. Over time
• obesity contributes to joint pain or limping (due to added stress on joints) and can worsen conditions like respiratory difficulty in short-nosed breeds.

The mainstay of treatment is weight loss through diet and exercise. A controlled calorie-restricted diet is implemented: usually either a prescription weight-loss diet or a measured portion of a lower-calorie food. Treats are minimized or switched to healthy low-calorie alternatives. Feeding management (precisely measuring food, multiple small meals) is important. Regular exercise is introduced gradually – e.g. daily walks, play sessions – to help burn calories and maintain muscle. The weight loss should be slow and steady (about 1-2% of body weight per week) to avoid health issues. Frequent weigh-ins at the vet help track progress. In rare cases of morbid obesity or weight loss resistance, a veterinarian might evaluate for underlying diseases (like hypothyroidism or Cushing’s) or consider adjunct treatments. Consistency and owner commitment are critical for success.

There is no magic pill for obesity; however, one FDA-approved drug called dirlotapide (Slentrol) can be used in dogs to aid weight loss by reducing appetite and fat absorption. It’s typically reserved for severe cases and used short-term in combination with diet change. The cornerstone “medication” is actually a therapeutic weight management diet – these prescription foods are high in protein and fiber but low in calories to help dogs feel full while losing weight. Joint supplements or pain medications might be indicated if arthritis from obesity is present.