Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis

Species: Dog

Breeds Affected: All Breeds (dietary indiscretion is a major cause; Miniature Schnauzers predisposed to pancreatitis due to lipid metabolism)

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ that produces digestive enzymes and insulin. In dogs, it’s often triggered by eating a very high-fat meal or table scraps (“dietary indiscretion”), but can also be associated with obesity, endocrine diseases (like diabetes or hypothyroidism), or certain medications. When inflamed, the pancreas leaks enzymes that start digesting itself, causing pain and systemic illness. Pancreatitis can be acute or chronic/recurrent.

• The classic signs are vomiting (often frequent or persistent)
• loss of appetite
• and abdominal pain. A dog in pain from pancreatitis may take a “prayer position” – front legs down
• rear end up – to relieve belly discomfort. They are typically lethargic and may have diarrhea as well. Fever is sometimes present. Dehydration can occur quickly. In severe cases
• weakness
• collapse
• and even bleeding disorders or cardiac arrhythmias can occur.

Treatment is largely supportive, aiming to rest the pancreas and manage complications. The dog is typically hospitalized for IV fluids to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance. Food and water are withheld for a day or two (“pancreatic rest”) to stop stimulating the pancreas. Pain management is crucial – strong pain medications (opioids) are given because pancreatitis can be very painful. Antiemetic medications (such as maropitant or metoclopramide) are administered to control vomiting. In moderate to severe cases, dogs may also receive colloids or plasma transfusions and supplemental oxygen. Once vomiting subsides, food is reintroduced gradually with a bland, low-fat diet.

Fluid therapy (IV fluids) is the mainstay to support circulation and organ perfusion. Opioid analgesics (e.g. fentanyl CRI or buprenorphine) provide pain relief. Antiemetics such as maropitant or ondansetron are used to control nausea. In some cases, antacid or gastric protectant medications (famotidine, omeprazole) are given. Antibiotics may be used if an infection is suspected. Once eating resumes, a low-fat prescription diet is implemented. In chronic cases, enzyme supplements and vitamin B12 injections might be recommended.